Camera
In a single camera technique, you will only be using one camera which requires each scene to be shot multiple times, that is if you want multiple angles. Using only one camera for a production can be the result of having a low budget or even just a personal filming choice, it can depend on what genre of film or show you are watching, which can have many benefits but will also have its disadvantages. The benefits of using one camera for a production is that you can put much more focus and time into each and every shot, having to re-shoot the same scene from different angles and perspectives allows for more control over the different shots you are getting, as opposed to having to to stage or block each scene for each shot. The disadvantages of a single camera production are that it can be a much longer process due to having to film multiple shots for the same scene, continuity errors would pop up more, filming for a certain genre like action would result in the footage seeming less fluent and less authentic.
Lighting
Filming with only one camera would clearly have an affect on the other equipment that you would be using when filming. When filming with one camera, if there is more than one shot, the different shots would have to be lit in order to avoid lighting errors between each shot. For example, the lighting in one shot could be high key but the next shot in the same location could be much darker. This would take the audience out of the diagesis as the lighting error would be very noticeable. But it would be easier to control as you would be able to light each shot individually and have more focus on how the scene should be lit. However, some one camera productions may film a scene in just one unbroken take. An example would be Hitchcock's film Rope, in which the entire film is made to look like just one shot, however there are many hidden cuts. In this case, the scene would have to be lit in order to fit with the location changes and blocking of the actors all the way throughout the scene.
Sound
When working on a single camera production, the sound recording and mixing would be different than a multi camera production, in post and filming. In post, both for a multi-camera production and single camera production the sound would be able to be altered or created in post, whether it is dialogue with Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR), ambient noise and Foley sounds. When filming a single camera production, the shots that are filmed would require overlay, which means to begin filming earlier than the scene takes place and also cut just a short moment after the shot had finished. The sound and footage would have to be synced up when they have both started rolling, this can be done by clapping or the clap sound from the clapperboard, this allows for the audio and visuals to be lined up in editing. However, in editing, the dialogue heard in a scene may not be the same dialogue that was recorded along with the scene. Sometimes, the dialogue may be re-used dialogue from another take, this is if the dialogue has better sound.
Editing
When it comes to editing a single camera production, the assembly of the shots has its benefits but also its pitfalls regarding continuity and the flow of shots. This is because during the shooting of the film, each scene would have to be repeatedly shot but at different angles, allowing for the easier assembly of repeated scenes and also makes sound mixing much easier, due to the sound being recorded along with the shot being used. But if the shoot involved multiple cameras, it would make it much harder when it comes to the assembly of the sound and shots. For example, you might have one shot you want to use but the sound was recorded during a different time of shooting, this could cause the sound and the visuals to not be synchronized.
Genres
Single Camera and multi-camera
Different set ups i.e multi or single camera production, could be due the fact that the project or production at hand may be because it is of a certain genre. For example, a TV Sitcom like Friends or The Big Bang Theory, would use a multi camera set up but an action or horror movie would typically use a single camera set-up. For horror especially, the budget would usually be much smaller than most films produced by Hollywood, so this could restrict the production to a single camera production. Single camera productions would be easier to carry out as it allows for more free in regards to how and where you can move the camera without having it affect the other camera in the set-up, allowing for a quicker and more fluent production. A multi-camera set up would make it easier in the editing and have a better continuity between such things as Shot-reverse-shots and match on action shots, but this may get in the way of the continuity of sound and other things.
Lighting
Filming with only one camera would clearly have an affect on the other equipment that you would be using when filming. When filming with one camera, if there is more than one shot, the different shots would have to be lit in order to avoid lighting errors between each shot. For example, the lighting in one shot could be high key but the next shot in the same location could be much darker. This would take the audience out of the diagesis as the lighting error would be very noticeable. But it would be easier to control as you would be able to light each shot individually and have more focus on how the scene should be lit. However, some one camera productions may film a scene in just one unbroken take. An example would be Hitchcock's film Rope, in which the entire film is made to look like just one shot, however there are many hidden cuts. In this case, the scene would have to be lit in order to fit with the location changes and blocking of the actors all the way throughout the scene.Sound
When working on a single camera production, the sound recording and mixing would be different than a multi camera production, in post and filming. In post, both for a multi-camera production and single camera production the sound would be able to be altered or created in post, whether it is dialogue with Automated Dialogue Replacement (ADR), ambient noise and Foley sounds. When filming a single camera production, the shots that are filmed would require overlay, which means to begin filming earlier than the scene takes place and also cut just a short moment after the shot had finished. The sound and footage would have to be synced up when they have both started rolling, this can be done by clapping or the clap sound from the clapperboard, this allows for the audio and visuals to be lined up in editing. However, in editing, the dialogue heard in a scene may not be the same dialogue that was recorded along with the scene. Sometimes, the dialogue may be re-used dialogue from another take, this is if the dialogue has better sound.
Editing
When it comes to editing a single camera production, the assembly of the shots has its benefits but also its pitfalls regarding continuity and the flow of shots. This is because during the shooting of the film, each scene would have to be repeatedly shot but at different angles, allowing for the easier assembly of repeated scenes and also makes sound mixing much easier, due to the sound being recorded along with the shot being used. But if the shoot involved multiple cameras, it would make it much harder when it comes to the assembly of the sound and shots. For example, you might have one shot you want to use but the sound was recorded during a different time of shooting, this could cause the sound and the visuals to not be synchronized.
Genres
Single Camera and multi-camera
Different set ups i.e multi or single camera production, could be due the fact that the project or production at hand may be because it is of a certain genre. For example, a TV Sitcom like Friends or The Big Bang Theory, would use a multi camera set up but an action or horror movie would typically use a single camera set-up. For horror especially, the budget would usually be much smaller than most films produced by Hollywood, so this could restrict the production to a single camera production. Single camera productions would be easier to carry out as it allows for more free in regards to how and where you can move the camera without having it affect the other camera in the set-up, allowing for a quicker and more fluent production. A multi-camera set up would make it easier in the editing and have a better continuity between such things as Shot-reverse-shots and match on action shots, but this may get in the way of the continuity of sound and other things.
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